The City of Coatesville had a disastrous years long run in with Judge Mahon & Chapter Leader Lancaster County & ChesCo John Birch Society Pat Sellersthat I believe along with the efforts of unscrupulous Coatesville PA residents & former Coatesville City Manager Harry Walker led to a drug dealer takeover of Coatesville & arson fires.
Judge Mahon allowed lawsuits concerning Coatesville and the Saha "farm" that I believe were orchestrated by JBS Chapter Leader Pat Sellers, to sit on his desk for nearly 2 years before acting on them.
City of Coatesville was forced to defend itself against the lawsuits at enormous costs to taxpayers like me. If the City had not defended itself we might have been forced to pay up even more money out of our Water Company Trust fund.
Coatesville won all of the lawsuits. I believe most of them had no merit at all and should have been dismissed immediately.
“It’s time to finally call out the conspiracy theorists. The politicians who spread falsehoods about Agenda 21 and its effects need to be shamed by other politicians, by editorial boards and other commentators, and by the citizenry at large. The business community and organizations like the Chamber of Commerce, which know better, should speak out publicly about the real purposes and usefulness of planning and sustainability. The media needs to stop reporting on Agenda 21 as if it were a bona fide controversy and plainly state the facts about the plan. And communities around the country, some of which have abandoned work on sustainability plans because of the heat, need to be encouraged to return to or start to develop such plans in tandem with responsible groups like the American Planning Association.”"
“A Chester County judge moved Tuesday to remove five members of the West Chester Area School District Board of Education on what he termed a procedural issue — saying that neither the school board members or school district responded in a timely manner to a petition seeking the removal.
Court of Common Pleas Judge William P Mahon ordered the removal of Sue Tiernan, Joyce Chester, Kate Shaw, Karen Herrmann and Daryl Durnell, based on a removal petition brought by Beth Ann Rosica in February over the district’s mask policy.
All five are Democrats. Rosica, a Republican, lost a bid for mayor of West Chester last year. Similar petitions have been filed against other Chester County school districts, including Downingtown and Coatesville. Rosica is also the Executive Director of Back to School PA, a political action committee (PAC), funded by Bucks County venture capitalist Paul Martino. Back to School has been driving fights against school districts using the fictional issue of Critical Race Theory — a college graduate-level topic, related to structural ongoing racism, not taught in the county’s K-12 public schools and masking policies.
WCASD ended its mask mandate earlier this month — as did most schools in the region as COVID-19 case numbers dropped, seemingly making the primary issue driving the recall petition — signed by 10 residents of the district — a moot issue.”
Joe drove his Prius to every town in PA. If cash flowing into the Pennsylvania Democratic State Committee hadn't stopped Joe Sestak. Admiral Joe Sestak would have been our Senator.
Instead we got 11 years of Wall Street made Republican Pat Toomey.
McGinty is still unknown.
What’s different this time is John Fetterman has the support of many Democratic committee people. In Pennsylvania, the individual Democratic committee people came around to Joe & John’s way of taking politics to the people.
And maybe the end of Democracy in the United States.
Money to lose with ain’t all there is anymore.
***
“It’s not about John Fetterman,” Smith said. “It’s about the strength of Conor Lamb.”
Conor Lamb's real "strength" is the flow of corporate bribes from pharmacutical billionaires & health insurance billionaires into the pockets of Democratic Committee people.
"An outside group planning to attack Pennsylvania Democratic Senate candidate John Fetterman for supporting single-payer health care is being led by a consultant whose firm works for the health insurance giant Cigna, documents show.
The super PAC, Penn Progress, says it is supporting conservative Democratic Rep. Conor Lamb in the Pennsylvania race because he represents the party’s “strongest chance to flip the seat” — despite the group’s own polling data finding that Fetterman, the lieutenant governor, is trouncing Lamb in the primary and performing better than Lamb against at least one top Republican candidate, according to reporting by Politico.
While Fetterman might actually be Democrats’ best chance to take the seat, Politico obtained a slide deck prepared for donors showing that Penn Progress is preparing to attack Fetterman as a “socialist” who supports a “government takeover of health care.” These are standard talking points used by Republicans and corporate health care propagandists — which makes sense, given the super PAC’s ties to the industry.
Penn Progress’ executive director, Erik Smith, leads a communications firm that works for Cigna, one the nation’s largest health insurers, according to a corporate financial filing. Smith was previously a spokesperson for a health care industry front group campaign created to oppose Medicare for All — and another Penn Progress consultant also worked for the front group…
The Pennsylvania primary is a vital one for Democrats, as they have an opportunity to pick up a Republican seat being vacated by retiring Sen. Pat Toomey. Biden narrowly defeated former President Donald Trump in the state by 1.8 percentage points in 2020. The primary election takes place on May 17.
So far, Fetterman has outraised Lamb. Fetterman’s campaign ended last year with $5.3 million on hand, while Lamb had raised $3 million.
There hasn’t been any outside spending in the Democratic primary race this year, but that could change soon.
Politico reported last month that Penn Progress has set a fundraising goal of $8 million. While the group only raised $35,000 last year, super PACs can raise money quickly since they are permitted to accept donations of any size.
Veteran Democratic strategist James Carville has started promoting Penn Progress, according to Politico. An email from Carville to potential donors said that Lamb was set to join a call with the super PAC’s supporters.
Penn Progress recently warned donors that Fetterman is leading Lamb by 30 points and even winning among Democrats who want a moderate candidate, according to Politico. The group’s polling also found Fetterman has a stronger lead than Lamb over Republican primary candidate Mehmet Oz, the television personality known as Dr. Oz.
A Penn Progress memo explained that “primary voters don’t yet see Fetterman as the liberal he is,” which is why the super PAC recently tested potential attack lines against Fetterman. The group’s proposed negative messages include the claim that “Fetterman supports far-left policies like a $34 trillion-dollar government takeover of health care.”
This is a highly misleading spin. Under a single-payer system, the government would insure everyone, but doctors and hospitals would still be privately-owned. Single-payer would save the U.S. significantmoney overall — because the current system is enormously wasteful, inefficient, and designed to make investors and corporate executives wealthy.
A recent study by the nonpartisan Congressional Budget Office found that a single-payer system would radically improve people’s lives: Americans would be paid higher wages, work fewer hours, save on medical expenses, retire earlier, and experience better health outcomes.
While Fetterman’s website doesn’t explicitly mention Medicare for All, he has long beena proponent of single-payer. He says in a video on his website that health care is “a basic, fundamental human right, no different than food or shelter or education.”
Lamb, by contrast, has opposed single-payer proposals…
According to a memo obtained by the Philadelphia Inquirer, Penn Progress has also hired Impact Research, a polling firm that has worked for Biden’s presidential campaign as well as the party committees that elect House and Senate Democrats. The firm, previously known as Anzalone Liszt Grove Research, conducted polling for PAHCF alongside Smith in 2018.
Smith told HuffPost that he’s working with Penn Progress because Lamb is the “best equipped” candidate to win the statewide race, since he’s won in a swing district three times.
“It’s not about John Fetterman,” Smith said. 'It’s about the strength of Conor Lamb.”
"It should have been easy to cast Glenn Youngkin, once the CEO of the financial behemoth Carlyle Group and now Virginia’s governor-elect, as a greedy private equity vampire. But when his opponent, former Gov. Terry McAuliffe, tried to pull it off in a debate, his attempt fell flat. “If you can trust me with your money, the rest of Virginia can trust me too,” Youngkin shot back, alluding to McAuliffe’s substantial investments in Carlyle. “It wasn’t any good investment, let me tell you that,” was all McAuliffe could muster in response.
Following the loss by McAuliffe, the establishment pick who sought to win his old job back after leaving the Virginia governorship in 2018, the next big test for the Democrats’ centrist wing is likely to be the primary contest to succeed outgoing Republican Sen. Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania. In the key swing state — which proved decisive in President Joe Biden’s election — centrists and progressives are preparing for a showdown between Rep. Conor Lamb, a House moderate and member of the bipartisan Problem Solvers Caucus, and Lt. Gov. John Fetterman, an ally of Sen. Bernie Sanders who endorsed the Vermont independent for president in 2016. Lamb, who has few endorsements from major leaders but has earned the stamp of reliable Democratic groups like the Human Rights Campaign, does not seem shy to take up the centrist mantle. Days after McAuliffe’s loss, Lamb tweeted, “If you want a Senator who runs as a Socialist, feeds the GOP attack ads, & didn’t help with infrastructure, I’M NOT YOUR GUY.”
But Lamb may find himself in a similar predicament as McAuliffe, trapped as an avatar of the Democratic party’s monied interests, having received over $100,000 in campaign contributions from PNC Bank executives and employees since his first congressional run in the 2018 cycle. Over $28,000 of that sum came from his father, a lobbyist and senior executive for the bank, and his wife, according to campaign finance records reviewed by The Intercept…
'Conor was one of 78 House Democrats who voted for this bill — nearly half of the Caucus at the time, including Leader Hoyer, Whip Clyburn and Chairman Jeffries,' wrote Lamb’s campaign manager Abby Nassif-Murphy in a statement to The Intercept. 'The bill applied to small community banks, not large banks like PNC, and Conor voted for it after listening to constituents at community banks in his district who had a common-sense case to make. Conor has also voted against legislation to relax regulations on large banks. This is just recycled Republican garbage that no one bought the first time and no one will buy now…'
Fetterman, Lamb’s leading primary opponent and previously the mayor of Braddock — a former steel town savaged by poverty — is unlikely to have many fans among the cufflinks crowd. Earlier this week, Fetterman joined striking teachers in Scranton, calling their current contract an “abomination.” The image of the towering, 6-foot-8-inch former college football player standing sentry over a crowd of union members is hard to miss and is one he’s sought to cultivate amid the recent spike in strike activity. Last month, Fetterman joined striking Kellogg’s workers at a cereal factory in East Hempfield Township. 'They posted record earnings and have been able to be compensated for providing the critical food supply that they do, and the workers deserve a share of that,” Fetterman said…
However, like Lamb, Fetterman is also a beneficiary of his father’s support, having received over $45,000 from him in federal campaign contributions. Fetterman’s father, Karl Fetterman, is a small business owner, with Federal Election Commission data identifying him as an “insurance agent” who works at Kling Bros. Insurance LLC. Insurance appears among Fetterman’s top industry supporters, representing some $36,000 in campaign contributions.
The vast majority of Fetterman’s campaign contributions come from small-dollar donors, whereas the reverse is true of Lamb. 68 percent of Fetterman’s campaign contributions came from small individual contributors versus 8 percent for Lamb, according to data compiled by OpenSecrets."
The BA.2 variant appears to be on its way to becoming the dominant coronavirus strain, having roughly doubled each week for the past month, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
BA.2 is considered by the World Health Organization as a "sublineage" of the highly transmissible omicron variant. It's a different version of omicron than BA.1, which was responsible for the surge that hit the Northeast late last year.
It has a different genetic sequence from BA.1 and was first dubbed the "stealth variant" because it wasn't as easy to detect.
Around the world, infections are largely from the BA.2 version of omicron. In the U.S., BA.2 accounted for about a quarter (23.1%) of the cases for the week ending March 12, the CDC says. That's up from 14.2% the week ending March 5.
I know Jim Ziegler. I might have met the women in this video. Or rather they might know me because of Pitcherella's Pharmacy, where a lot of Lukens steelworkers stopped after work, including for a while, me. I’m sure some of my family & friends know them.
Boy would it be fun to have a beer with them! “Steel Stories — Coatesville Steel: The Women's Experience
Moderator James Ziegler
Panel
Clothilde Ferguson
Lois Hinderling
Deb Kelleher
Nicole McNeil
Joanne Voelcker
Jim Ziegler was in my wife Betty’s 3rd grade class.
When Jim was at Coatesville Savings Bank he hosted then Chester County District Attorney Joe Carroll's forum for Coatesville residents to discuss problems about crime in Coatesville.
Jim is active in Coatesville redevelopment and Coatesville history.
Ulana Khomyuk, the intrepid nuclear physicist from nearby Belarus played by Emily Watson, who recognize the enormity of the danger — and quickly mobilize. Ulana was one in a network of scientists who outsmarted the swarm of misinformation surrounding the Chernobyl explosion.
“Between 2 & 4 megatons everything within a 30 kilometer radius will be completely destroyed, including the 3 remaining reactors at Chernobyl. The entirety of the radioactive material in all of the cores will be injected at force and dispersed by a massive shockwave which will extend approximately 200 kilometers and likely be fatal to the entire population of Kiev as well as well as a portion of Minsk.
The release of radiation would be severe and will impact all of Soviet Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, as well as Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Rumania & most of East Germany.
Gorbachev, What do you mean impact?
Valery Legasov, Scientist, For much of the area a nearly permeant distraction of the food and water supply. Steep increase of in the rates of cancer & breast defects, I don’t know how many deaths there will be but many. "
***
"Russian dictator Vladimir Putin has stated clearly that he won’t be calling up reservists for the war. He’s a liar, of course, but he’s also a liar paranoid about his people turning on him. There’s no way to message “the ‘limited military operation’ is going well, but hey, we need hundreds of thousands more bodies to throw at it!” All indications—both from the Pentagon, but also from private satellite observers, is that Russia has already committed its entire pre-invasion force to the battle. There’s no one else coming, which is why Russia is overly depending on a Chechen private army and recruiting Syrian mercenaries. Belarus has refused to send troops (despite its dictator promising them). The rest of its “allies” aren’t stepping up, nervously avoiding eye contact. Meanwhile, battlefield attrition is actually removing entire units from the battlefield. Russia may have equipment superiority, and a willingness to use artillery to level entire cities. But it will never have more troops than what Ukraine can bring to bear—an entire national resistance. The fact that Russia can't even get to the guerrilla phase of the war is just icing on the cake.
Some estimates pin the cost of the war at around $2 billion per day for Russia, all the while the ruble collapses and economic sanctions take a toll. The more Russians come home in coffins, the more POWs phone their moms, the more discontent Putin will face from his populace. Time is not on his side. But what other option does he have? If he pulls out now, he’ll be the laughing stock of the world, his mighty WORLD POWER army bested by a country Russia considered so inferior, that a big premise of the attack is “they should be our vassal state.” Ukraine is so emboldened, it easily swatted away Russia’s latest peace proposal (no NATO or EU, occupied Crimea and Donbas remain in de facto Russian hands), even as it constituted a major retreat from its original stance (complete capitulation). There is no “off ramp” possible that would allow Putin to save face. Capitulation likely means death (or a trip to The Hague to face war crimes trial). He can’t stop now. He can only keep going, sowing death and destruction for a prize that is beyond his grasp.
It’s been several weeks since I wrote that headline, and Putin is still backed into a corner. As to how much the world will have to pay? Ukraine’s price is unthinkable, and the economic consequences are just starting—for Russia, and for the rest of the world. And we can’t even guarantee that this won’t spread into a wider conflagration."
An interview — the series premiere -- with former Chester County (PA) Commissioner Kathi Cozzone, who now serves as Executive Director of the Uwchlan Ambulance Company, about the challenges for local EMS companies.
Also Mike speaks about the problems of local press.
It makes me feel good to watch them. These are the sort of Democrats I know.
Uwchlan Ambulance is a private non-profit organization and are we funded by our community! Subscribe today to save in the future!
***
“Community paramedicine is a relatively new and evolving healthcare model. It allows paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMTs) to operate in expanded roles by assisting with public health and primary healthcare and preventive services to underserved populations in the community. The goals are to improve access to care and to avoid duplicating existing services.
Some rural patients lack access to primary care and use 9-1-1 and emergency medical services (EMS) to receive healthcare in non-emergency situations. This can create a burden for EMS personnel and health systems in rural areas. Community paramedics can work in a public health and primary care role to address the needs of rural residents in a more efficient and proactive way.
This topic guide defines community paramedicine and outlines challenges faced in rural areas. It also discusses community paramedicine models and existing programs, while providing resources for starting a rural community paramedicine program, such as education and curriculum requirements.”
By the end of September 2017, the SOHR stated that Russian airstrikes killed around 5,703 civilians, about a quarter of them children, along with 4,258 ISIL fighters and 3,893 militants from the al-Nusra Front and other rebel forces.
“The Russian embassy in Israel said that military coordination with Israel in Syria will continue, even as the two countries spar over Russia’s invasion of Ukraine...
Russia on Friday summoned Israel’s Ambassador to Moscow Alexander Ben Zvi to clarify Israel’s position regarding the Ukraine invasion a day after Foreign Minister Yair Lapid called the incursion a “grave violation of international order.”
As Russia attacks Ukraine, Israel has avoided taking a stance aligned too closely with either side. This is believed to be at least partly due to its need to work with the Russian military presence in neighboring Syria…
Former prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu met Putin on multiple occasions to discuss the issue and claimed that their personal relationship was a main factor in maintaining the mechanism.
Israel has carried out hundreds of airstrikes inside Syria in the course of the country’s civil war, targeting what it says are arms shipments bound for Lebanon’s Iran-backed Hezbollah terror group, which is fighting alongside Syrian government forces. Israel rarely acknowledges or discusses such operations.”
The Russia/Ukraine war is an exclamation point on the broader war between nostalgia for the Christian view that God made the earth for men to pillage and the reality that the pillage of earth by men will lead to human extinction.
I took some bits and pieces from Naomi Klein’s article in The Intercept. Please read the entire article. You cannot feel the emotional impact of Ms. Klein’s writing from bits & pieces.
“Nostalgia for empire is what seems to drive Vladimir Putin — that and a desire to overcome the shame of punishing economic shock therapy imposed on Russia at the end of the Cold War. Nostalgia for American “greatness” is part of what drives the movement Donald Trump still leads — that and a desire to overcome the shame of having to face the villainy of white supremacy that shaped the founding of the United States and mutilates it still…
This is not the warm and cozy nostalgia of fuzzily remembered childhood pleasures; it’s an enraged and annihilating nostalgia that clings to false memories of past glories against all mitigating evidence.
All these nostalgia-based movements and figures share a longing for something else, something which may seem unrelated but is not. A nostalgia for a time when fossil fuels could be extracted from the earth without uneasy thoughts of mass extinction, or children demanding their right to a future, or Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports, like the one just released yesterday, that reads, in the words of United Nations Secretary General António Guterres, like an “atlas of human suffering and a damning indictment of failed climate leadership.” Putin, of course, leads a petrostate, one that has defiantly refused to diversify its economic dependence on oil and gas, despite the devastating effect of the commodity roller coaster on its people and despite the reality of climate change. Trump is obsessed with the easy money that fossil fuels offer and as president made climate denial a signature policy...
“Oil is a stand-in for a broader worldview.
Though petrodollars underwrite these players and forces, it’s critical to understand that oil is a stand-in for a broader worldview, a cosmology deeply entwined with Manifest Destiny and the Doctrine of Discovery, which ranked human as well as nonhuman life inside a rigid hierarchy, with white Christian men at the top. Oil, in this context, is the symbol of the extractivist mindset: not only a perceived God-given right to keep extracting fossil fuels, but also the right to keep taking whatever they want, leave poison behind, and never look back.
This is why the fast-moving climate crisis represents not just an economic threat to people invested in the extractive sectors but also a cosmological threat to the people invested in this worldview. Because climate change is the Earth telling us that nothing is free; that the age of (white, male) human “dominion” has ended; that there is no such thing as a one-way relationship comprised only of taking; that all actions have reactions. These centuries of digging and spewing are now unleashing forces that make even the sturdiest structures created by industrial societies — coastal cities, highways, oil rigs — look vulnerable and frail. And within the extractivist mindset, that is impossible to accept.”
“Given their common cosmologies, it should come as no surprise that Putin, Trump, and the “freedom convoys” are reaching toward one another across disparate geographies and wildly different circumstances. So Trump praises Canada’s “peaceful movement of patriotic truckers, workers, and families protesting for their most basic rights and liberties”; Tucker Carlson and Steve Bannon cheer on Putin while the truckers sport their MAGA hats; Randy Hillier, a member of the Ontario Legislature who is one of the convoy’s loudest supporters, declares on Twitter that “Far more people have & will die from this shot [the Covid vaccines], than in the Russia/Ukraine war.” And how about the Ontario restaurant that last week put on its daily specials board the announcement that Putin “is not occupying Ukraine” but standing up to the Great Reset, the Satanists, and “fighting against the enslavement of humanity.”
These alliances seem deeply weird and unlikely at first. But look a little closer, and it’s clear that they are bound together by an attitude toward time, one that clings to an idealized version of the past and steadfastly refuses to face difficult truths about the future. They also share a delight in the exercise of raw power: the 18-wheeler vs. the pedestrian, the shouted manufactured reality vs. the cautious scientific report, the nuclear arsenal vs. the machine gun. This is the energy currently surging in many different spheres, starting wars, attacking seats of government, and defiantly destabilizing our planet’s life support systems. This is the ethos at the root of so many democratic crises, geopolitical crises, and the climate crisis: a violent clinging to a toxic past and a refusal to face a more entangled and interrelational future, one bounded by the limits of what people and planet can take. It is a pure expression of what the late bell hooks often described, with a playful wink, as “imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy” — because sometimes all the big guns are needed to describe our world accurately.”
“The most urgent political task at hand is to put enough pressure on Putin that he sees his criminal invasion of Ukraine as too great a risk to sustain. But that is only the barest of beginnings. “There is a brief and rapidly closing window to secure a liveable future on the planet,” said Hans-Otto Portner, co-chair of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change working group that organized the landmark report released this week. If there is a uniting political task of our time, it is to provide a comprehensive response to this conflagration of toxic nostalgia. And within a modern world birthed in genocide and dispossession, that requires laying out a vision for a future where we have never been before.
The leadership of our various countries, with very few exceptions, are nowhere near meeting this challenge. Putin and Trump are backward-facing, nostalgic figures, and they have plenty of company on the hard right. Jair Bolsonaro was elected by playing on nostalgia for Brazil’s era of military rule, and the Philippines, alarmingly, is poised to elect Ferdinand Marcos Jr. as its next president, son of the late dictator who pillaged and terrorized his nation through much of the ’70s and ’80s. But this is not only a right-wing crisis. Many liberal standard bearers are deeply nostalgic figures too, offering as antidotes to surging fascism nothing but warmed-over neoliberalism, openly aligned with the predatory corporate interests — from Big Pharma to big banks — that have shredded living standards. Joe Biden was elected on the comforting promise of a return to pre-Trump normal, never mind that this was the same soil in which Trumpism grew. Justin Trudeau is the younger version of the same impulse: a shallow, attention-economy echo of his father, the late Canadian Prime Minister Pierre Elliott Trudeau. In 2015, Trudeau Jr.’s first statement on the world stage was “Canada is back”; Biden’s, five years later, was “America is back, ready to lead the world.”
“We will not defeat the forces of toxic nostalgia with these weak doses of marginally less toxic nostalgia. It’s not enough to be “back”; we are in desperate need of new. The good news is that we know what it looks like to fight the forces enabling imperial aggression, right-wing pseudo-populism, and climate breakdown at the same time. It looks very much like a Green New Deal, a framework to get off fossil fuels by investing in family-supporting unionized jobs doing meaningful work, like building green affordable homes and good schools, starting with the most systematically abandoned and polluted communities first. And that requires moving away from the fantasy of limitless growth and investing in the labor of care and repair."
Back in the 1980s when ExxonMobil determined global warming would render humans extinct they decided to hide that information. They continued to drill & sell fossil fuel. They continued bringing humans closer to extinction.
If instead ExxonMobil announced a plan to use oil profits to invest In solar, wind & hydro power the world would not be dependent on fossil fuel.
Saudi energy would be solar power.
Saudi Kings would not murder U.S. journalists & grow stronger from that murder. Saudi kings would lose control & possibly cease to exist.
Russia would be solar, wind & hydro powered. Russia’s economy would not be dependent on oil, gas & coal. And the Russian invasion of Ukraine could not happen.
OK, this is an oversimplification. However if ExxonMobil joined with the federal government on a massive Kennedy Space Program investment in solar, wind & hydro power 40 years ago the rest of the world would follow or perish economically.
Oil, coal & gas would now be insignificant and part of history.
The Russian/Ukraine war couldn’t happen. Putin’s control of Russia would be unlikely.
And most importantly our grandchildren would not perish on an overheated earth.
***
"Early research
From the late 1970s and through the 1980s, Exxon, one of predecessors of ExxonMobil, had a public reputation as a pioneer in climate change research.[1] Exxon funded internal and university collaborations, broadly in line with the developing public scientific approach, and developed a reputation for expertise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).[2] Between the 1970s and 2015, Exxon and ExxonMobil researchers and academic collaborators published dozens of research papers.[3] ExxonMobil provided a list of over 50 article citations from that period.[4][5]
In July 1977, a senior scientist of Exxon, James Black reported to the company's executives that there was a general scientific agreement at that time that the burning of fossil fuels was the most likely manner in which mankind was influencing global climate change.[6][7][8] In 1979–1982, Exxon conducted a research program of climate change and climate modeling, including a research project of equipping their largest supertankerEsso Atlantic with a laboratory and sensors to measure the absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans.[9][10] In 1980, Exxon noted that synthetic fuels increase CO2 emissions over their petroleum equivalents.[11][12] Exxon also studied ways of avoiding CO2 emissions if the East Natuna gas field (Natuna D-Alpha block) off Indonesia was to be developed.[13]
In 1981, Exxon shifted its research focus to climate modelling.[14] In 1982, Exxon's environmental affairs office circulated an internal report to Exxon's management which said that the consequences of climate change could be catastrophic, and that a significant reduction in fossil fuel consumption would be necessary to curtail future climate change. It also said that "there is concern among some scientific groups that once the effects are measurable, they might not be reversible."[15]
In 1992, the senior ice researcher, leading a research team in Exxon's Canadian subsidiary Imperial Oil, assessed how global warming could affect Exxon's Arctic operations, and reported that exploration and development costs in the Beaufort Sea might be lower, while higher sea levels and rougher seas could threaten the company's coastal and offshore infrastructure.[16][17] Imperial included these forecasts into its facility planning in the Mackenzie River Delta in the Northwest Territories. In 1996, Mobil, another predecessor of ExxonMobil, calculated the climate changes effect to the Sable gas field project. An ExxonMobil spokesperson said that standard practice in major project planning is to consider a range of factors, and that ExxonMobil's consideration of environmental risks was not inconsistent with their public policy advocacy.[18]
In 2016, the Center for International Environmental Law, a public interest, not-for-profit environmental law firm, claimed that from 1957 onward Humble Oil, one of predecessors of nowadays ExxonMobil, was aware of rising CO2 in the atmosphere and the prospect that it was likely to cause global warming. ExxonMobil responded to this claim that "to suggest that we had definitive knowledge about human-induced climate change before the world's scientists is not a credible thesis.”[19]"
